module 9 The USA and its institutions Unit The Constitution BEFORE READING Read the following excerpt from the Declaration of Independence. We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed . Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 a. Do you think these truths are still valid? The foundation of the American Government, its purpose, form and structure are found in the Constitution of the United States, written in 1787. It is the supreme law of the land because no law can be passed that contradicts its principles. The American Constitution establishes a federal democratic republic form of government, an indivisible union of 50 sovereign states, each with its own government: certain powers are given to the federal government, other powers to the state government and others to both. When the Constitution was ratified in 1789 many people were concerned that it did not protect certain freedoms, so ten amendments were added to the Constitution. These amendments are known as Bill of Rights (not to be confused with the Bill of Rights 1689, which was its predecessor). Does the Constitution still work? Even though the Constitution was written more than 200 years ago, it still works. One reason is that it can be changed, or amended. After the Bill of Rights, 17 more amendments were added. For example in 1913 the XV Amendment gave black Americans the right to vote and this right was extended to women in 1920 thanks to the XIX Amendment. ACTIVITIES 1 After reading Text 1 and the info-box, say if these statements are right or wrong. a. The Constitution was written in 1789. b. A federation of 50 states is established by the Constitution. b. Can you find a synonym for truths in this context? c. The ten amendments were added in 1689. c. What is the historical background of these ideas? d. The ten amendments were added to limit the freedom of the citizens. d. Which English philosopher expressed the concept of Governments based on the consent of the governed? Bacon Hobbes Locke e. Women can vote thanks to the XX amendment. f. Women were given the right to vote before blacks.