module 4 The East BEFORE READING Do the following activities. a. Make 2 headings: facts, opinions. In 5 minutes, write down anything you think is true about the U.S.A., making sure to write the information under the correct heading, fact or opinion. Unit The U.S.A. was officially born in 1783 as 13 states on the Atlantic coast, when Britain recognized American independence after the 8-year-long American Revolutionary War. This new country s Constitution (1787) guaranteed and still does life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness , so no official language or religion has ever existed there. The U.S.A. in brief The capital city, Washington D.C. (District of Columbia), was deliberately created so as not to form part of any state, since the country s founders did not want any state to be favored by having the capital within its boundaries. This democratic principle has always caused the city considerable difficulties because states often do not want to give funds for something that does not seem to bring any direct advantage to their own interests. The United States of America often called the U.S.A., the States or America is a federal republic composed of 50 states and various territories. With a total area of over 9,500,000 sq km, the world s fourth-largest country is extremely rich in geographical diversity and natural resources such as forests, farmlands, petroleum, natural gas, fish, minerals. Its population of 306 million (2009) is predominantly white (about 74%) but there are minorities of every possible ethnic origin for example, black (about 13%), Hispanic (about 15%), Asian (about 4%), Polynesian (about 0.15%), Native American (about 0.70%). Over 12% of the population is foreign born and over 19% of people speak a language other than English at home. The American flag has 7 red and 6 white horizontal stripes, which represent the 13 original colonies; the rectangular blue field contains one star for each state. The flag is called by several names: the Stars and Stripes, the Star-Spangled Banner (from the title of the national anthem), Old Glory (origin unknown). Although each state has its own state flag, flower and bird, the U.S. itself possesses only a national bird: the bald eagle. Like each individual state, the nation has a motto: E pluribus unum (From many, one), which appears on coins and paper money. First used to unify the 13 original colonies during the Revolutionary War, the motto has b. Compare your information with your classmates to see if you have similar or different ideas about the U.S.A. c. If you or anyone you know has visited the U.S.A., tell the class about it. acquired new meaning as the U.S. has received wave after wave of immigrants. Michel Guillaume Jean de Crèvecouer, a French immigrant of the mid-18th century, wrote: He is an American who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men. The election of the first Afro-American president Barack Obama in November 2008 shows that the melting pot idea behind E pluribus unum is an ideal that is still very much alive today. ACTIVITIES 1 After reading Text 1, answer these questions. a. Compare the U.S.A. to your country in terms of size, population, natural resources, length of history. b. Why is there no official language or religion in the U.S.A.? c. What is unique about the capital, Washington D.C.? d. What is the U.S.A. s motto and what does it mean? What is your country s motto and what does it mean? e. Why is the U.S.A. a melting pot ?