module 1 MAIN VERB TENSES TENSES AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE (1ST PERSON SING.) (2nd PERSON SING.) (3nd PERSON SING.) SIMPLE GRAMMAR PRESENT SIMPLE (base form) PAST SIMPLE (past form) FUTURE (will + base form) I study Do you study? I studied Did you study? I will (I ll) study Will you study? He does not (doesn t) study He did not (didn t) study He will not (won t) study CONTINUOUS (to be + ing form) PRESENT CONT. (am/is/are + ing) PAST CONT. (was/were + ing) I am (I m) studying Are you studying? I was studying Were you studying? He is not (isn t) studying He was not (wasn t) studying. PERFECT (to have + past participle) PRESENT PERFECT (have/has + past part.) PAST PERFECT (had + past part.) I have (I ve) studied Have you studied? I had studied Had you studied? He has not (hasn t) studied He had not (hadn t) studied Remember that: The Present Simple is used to express regular routines and habits. It is often used with adverbs of frequency: always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never, etc. The Present Continuous is used to talk about things that are happening at the present moment. It is often used with: now, at the moment, currently, today, etc. The Present Perfect is used for something which has happened recently, or at an unspecified point of time in the past. The Past Simple is used to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. You state when it happened using a time adverb: yesterday, last week/month/year, in 2012, etc. The Past Continuous is used for something that was happening at a precise moment in the past. It is often used to express an interrupted action in progress. The Past Perfect is used for an action that finished before another action in the past. The Future with will is used to make promises and predictions, and to express a decision made about the future at the moment. It is also very common to express Futurity with going to and the Present Continuous. The future with going to is used to speak about future intentions; the future with the Present Continuous is used to speak about arrangements and plans. 30