module 5 LINKERS (1) Linkers (or connectors) are words or phrases that connect single terms, sentences or paragraphs in order to express relationships between ideas and make their meaning clearer. They are grouped into coordinating and subordinating linkers. Coordinating linkers are used to: and, also, besides, too, even, additionally, in addition, moreover, furthermore, as well, as well as Add ideas for instance, for example (e.g.1), that is (i.e.2), this/that means that, or, in other words, such as so, because of this, this/that is why, consequently, therefore, as a result, thereby, thus yet, but, whereas, however, though, instead, on the contrary, conversely, vice versa GRAMMAR Explain ideas Connect causes and consequences Connect contrasting ideas Explain correlations between ideas both and, either or, neither nor Emphasise ideas in fact, actually, as a matter of fact Exclude/Include ideas apart from, except, excepted, excluded, including, included Arrange ideas in sequence 1, 2, 3, etc.; first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), etc.; first, then, next, after that, finally; to begin with/start with, to conclude, eventually; the former... the latter Fill in the blanks with the suitable linkers. a. A compass is used to draw circles. ................................... , the draftsperson can use other tools to draw curves and circles, ................................... the French curve and the spline. b. ................................... , the most common piece of equipment is a pencil. c. When people use a computer to communicate, they do not talk and listen; ................................... , they type their messages on a keyboard and read them on the monitor. d. Modern printers, ................................... laser printers, have a far better image quality than previous ones. e. Computer-Aided Design systems offer ................................... clear ................................... precise images. f. Mobile phones are very useful ................................... some people are not very polite when they use them. g. CAM is the use of computers to assist in the planning, control and management of the whole production process and it ................................ allows the finished products to be tested automatically. h. In CAD drawing, designs can be quickly modified, reproduced and transmitted electronically, ................................... improving and speeding up information exchange. i. With CAD system the view of the object is produced mathematically. ................................... this geometric model can be displayed on the screen, repeated, moved around and enlarged as needed. j. The arithmetic/logic unit executes the arithmetic or logical instruction; ................................... , it performs the actual operation on the data. 1 2 From Latin exempli gratia (formal written English) From Latin id est (formal written English) 206