Anthony Boyle

Daniela Castellazzo

Elizabeth I was the Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 until 1603. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII of England and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, and was the last of the Tudor dynasty of monarchs.
 In the early years, Elizabeth’s life was a troubled one. She then ruled with intelligence and hard work and her reign was distinguished by great achievements in the arts, trade, and exploration.
 A stimulating reader which also offers dossiers about this period, known as The Golden Age. 
 
 Teacher's Resources available online: Answer Key - Audioscripts - Summing-up Activities
 
 Elizabetta I fu regina d’Inghilterra e Irlanda dal 1558 al 1603. Fu la figlia di Enrico VIII e Anna Bolena e l’ultima Tudor. I suoi primi anni furono tribolati ma, una volta al trono, regnò con intelligenza e caparbietà.
 Durante il suo regno, furono poste le basi della futura potenza commerciale e marittima della nazione.
 Una stimolante lettura che offre anche approfondimenti storici e culturali del periodo, conosciuto come The Golden Age.

Tudors’ and Stuarts’ family tree

Chapter 1 – Henry VIII’s Second Daughter

Extension: Women in Elizabethan England

Chapter 2 – A Royal Teenager’s Troubled Years

Extension: The Nine-Day Queen

Chapter 3 –The Virgin Queen

Extension: The golden age of exploration

Chapter 4 – A Queen with the Heart of a King

Extension: Scotland until Mary Stuart

Chapter 5 – As the Century Closes

Extension: Elizabethan Literature

Summing-up activities

Glossary

E X T E N S I O N THE GOLDEN AGE OF EXPLORATION Elizabeth s reign was a time of significant exploration and discovery. In the end, this activity led to the foundation of the British Empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. English merchants were the main promoters of the voyages that brought new wealth to the country. Among the goods from distant lands that they wanted were the spices that preserved and flavoured1 meat. In 1581, London merchants formed the Turkey Company to manage trade with distant lands. In 1592, it merged2 with the Venice Company (founded in 1583) to form the Levant Company. It obtained a patent3 from Elizabeth I for the exclusive right to trade in currants (dried white grapes, i.e. golden raisins). The Company also purchased wine, cotton and silk from the Eastern Mediterranean. Elizabeth, herself, engaged in correspondence with the Ottoman Sultan to support such trade and to seek an ally in her conflict with Catholic Europe. In 1585, the Barbary Coat of arms of the East India Company Company, formed in 1551 to (1698) trade with North Africa, was granted a monopoly by Elizabeth. The Barbary Coast, today s Morocco, was the main source of sugar for the English market. In 1600, the East India Company was formed by London merchants. Its main objective was to contend Spanish and Portuguese control of trade with the East Indies, today s India and Indonesia. The control of such trade would create fortunes for many merchants. The trade significantly increased the foods the English could eat. 1. flavour: to give a particular taste to food or drink. 2. merge: to combine or unite into a single enterprise, organization. 3. patent: official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention. 54 

The baptism of Virginia Dare, the first English child born in America. ( hand-colored woodcut of a 19th century illustration ) Merchants had brought African slaves to England in Elizabeth s time but, in 1562, Admiral Sir John Hawkins identified a new way to profit from this  commodity 4. The Spanish colonies in the Americas needed labourers to replace the indigenous Amerindians, who were killed off by European diseases. Despite the conflict between the two nations, Hawkins was able to establish what historians call the  triangular trade . He sold African men and women to the Spanish colonisers in the Americas, in exchange for gold and gemstones, which he sold in England. The Elizabethan era saw the emergence of brave and skilful sailors. Between 1497 and 1578, in the course of many voyages, they charted5 the Northwest and the Northeast Passages and landed in Greenland and Canada. Sir Francis Drake, the second man to sail around the world, was knighted6 by Elizabeth. She financed his voyages and shared in his plunder7 of Spanish treasure ships. Another important activity of the period was the establishment of colonies in the New World. Sir Walter Raleigh named part of North America  Virginia , in honour of Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. The first group of colonists landed in July 1585. On 18 August 1587, Eleanor Dare gave birth to a daughter   she was called Virginia after the territory where she was born; she was the first English child born on American soil. When a ship returned to check on their progress in 1591, all were gone. Perhaps they died at the hands of Native Americans or had been assimilated into friendly tribes   we do not know. 4. commodity: an article of trade or commerce. 5. charted: made a map of an area. 6. knighted: given the title of knight. 7. plunder: anything taken by robbery, theft or fraud, especially during a war. 55 

Scopri il regno di Elisabetta I d'Inghilterra, una figura Tudor che ha plasmato il destino della nazione durante l'epoca dell'Età dell'Oro.

The Invincible Queen Collana RAINBOWS

Level A2 • Elementary - Collana RAINBOWS

The Invincible Queen

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