Every word expresses one and only one concept and cannot be used to talk about politics or philosophy. Nouns and verbs are the same and adjectives and adverbs are formed from the same word with a different suffix. The opposite of these words is made with a prefix. Exceptions have almost all been eliminated. The B vocabulary consists of words specifically built for political purposes and are all compound words. These words can only be understood if you know the principles of Ingsoc and they also impose a desired attitude upon the person using them. These very few, generalised, words have had their meaning extended to include whole categories of words which have been deleted because too much precision would be dangerous. Many of them mean the exact opposite of what they appear to mean and all of them are more or less the same number of syllables long, so as to have them pronounced in a monotonous voice. Contractions and easy pronunciation are a must because words must be said without activating thought or possible associations: language must be independent of consciousness, and it must become automatic. Language must start form the larynx, not from the brain. Each speaker must use Newspeak as an instrument which does not allow him to make mistakes. The fact that words sound the same, look the same and are few help this process. The C vocabulary is made up of scientific and technical words and are like Oldspeak, but their definitions are rigid, and they have been cleared of undesired meanings. This way, the expression of unorthodoxy is practically impossible. When Oldspeak is finally eliminated, every link with the past will be erased, that’s why there is this process of ‘translating’ documents and even literature (that which can be used by or aligned to the philosophy of the Party) into Newspeak. Not only Literature works, but also manuals and similar texts need translating, that’s why it is supposed that the final version of Newspeak will be adopted in 2050. 4 Book jacket for the 11th edition Newspeak Dictionary : to change something so that it agrees with and supports specific aims 4. align