21 Complete the following table.
| Organ | System | Description | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| tongue | digestive system | pushes the bolus into the pharynx and oesophagus | |
| oesophagus | |||
| stomach | |||
| small intestine | absorbs most of the digested food | ||
| large intestine | 1. ... | ||
| 2. ... | |||
| kidney | 1. ... | ||
| 2. ... | |||
| 3. ... | |||
| ureter | |||
| bladder | |||
| urethra |
22 Look at the pictures on these two pages and practise describing both the digestive and urinary systems (organs and functions).
23 Follow the link of Encyclopedia Britannica: ► Stomach
**Read the section "Humans" and answer the following questions. **
1. What are the names ofthe four regions of the stomach?
2. What does the ability of the stomach to contract or expand depend on?
3. Where are the gastric glands?
4. What is chyme?
Ruminant ani mais, such as cows, are herbivores, eating plant materials while humans are omnivores, eating both plant and animai materials. Plant materials are difficult to digest and take time. Therefore, a cow's digestive system is longer than that of the humans. While humans have a single stomach, cows have four stomach compartments called the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The rumen is the largest and can hold up to 150 kilos of food and contains billions of microorganisms. They can digest fiber allowing the cow consume feeds that humans or monogastric (i.e. with a to single stomach) animals cannot do effectively. The abomasum is the stomach compartment similar to the human stomach.
bladder: vescica
bolus: bolo
to chew: masticare
duct: dotto
faeces: feci
juice: succo
kidney: rene
large intestine: intestino crasso
liver: fegato
to occur: avvenire, aver luogo
oesophagus: esofago
to release: liberar
reservoir: deposito
small intestine: intestino tenue
to swallow: ingoiare
tract: tratto