EXCERCISES 4 Read the text about immunodeficiency on the previous page and complete the sentences to make a summary. A healthy immune system is able to identify infectious agents such as 1 ...................................... , 2 ...................................... ,3 ...................................... or 4 ...................................... A defective immune system is una bi e to 5 ...................................... and attacks 6 . ..................................... and 7 ...................................... . In severe cases of immunodeficiency, the lack of an 8 ...................................... means that toxic waste 9 ...................................... inside the 10 ..................................... . and destroys them. A congenital anomaly originates in the foetus. ☐ T ☐ F A congenital syndrome develops into a malformation. ☐ T ☐ F A congenital syndrome can be inherited from one parent only. ☐ T ☐ F In an inherited congenital syndrome, defective genes are transmitted from mother to child. ☐ T ☐ F A chromosomal abnormality can imply either missing or extra chromosomes. ☐ T ☐ F In functional congenital syndromes, the organs may seem normal. ☐ T ☐ F 5 Read the text about congenita/syndromes on the previous page and decide if the following statements are true {T) or false {F). Correct the false ones. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. blood • cough • low-carbohydrates diet • lungs • nose • shortness of breath • sneezing • watery eyes 6 Asthma, hay fever and diabetes are common immunodeficiency diseases. Put the following words in the right box. Asthma Hayfever Diabetes 7 Listen and complete the following text. What is asthma? What causes asthma? Asthma is a disease affecting the airways that carry 1 ...................................... to and from your lungs. People who suffer from this 2 ..................................... . condition are said to be asthmatic. The inside walls of an asthmatic's airways are 3 ...................................... or inflamed.This swelling or inflammation makes the airways extremely sensitive to 4 ...................................... and increases your susceptibility to an allergie reaction. As inflammation causes the airways to become 5 ...................................... , less air can pass through them, both to and from the lungs. Symptoms of the narrowing include wheezing,a hissing sound while breathing,6 ...................................... tightness, breathing problems,and coughing. Asthmatics usually experience these 7 ...................................... most frequently during the night and the early morning. What happened to the heart in the picture on the right? What is the consequence? Why is it called ventricular septal defect? 8 Read the following sentence, then look at the third illustration on the previous page and answer the questions. In a normai heart, oxygenated blood flows in the left ventric/e (red), while deoxygenated b/ood flows in the right ventric/e (blue). 1. 2. 3. GLOSSARY : : *dovuto a * : : : : : : bowels viscere, budella due to to inherit ereditare to involve comportare missing mancante to result in causare to seek cercare toxic waste scorie nocive