12 Answer the following questions.
1. What is a neoplasia?
2. What types of neoplasia are there?
3. What are the main types of benign neoplasms?
4. What may sometimes happen with pre-malignant neoplasms?
5. What are the main features of a malignant neoplasm?
13 Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones.
1. Both benign and malignant tumours have the same origin.
2. Dead cells are not eliminated.
3. With an imaging test it is possible to see the whole tumour.
4. The doctor also examines the affected area.
5. In a biopsy, the whole tumour is examined after it has been removed.
| Statement | T | F |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ☐ | ☐ |
| 2 | ☐ | ☐ |
| 3 | ☐ | ☐ |
| 4 | ☐ | ☐ |
| 5 | ☐ | ☐ |
14 Write the words for the following definitions.
1. The sudden increase in the number or amount of cells: _________________________
2. An abnormal growth of tissue: _________________________
3. An example of benign skin growth: _________________________
4. Another word for tumour: _________________________
5. When the cells only grow and invade other tissues: _________________________
6. When the cells only proliferate in their place of origin: __________________
7. Scans can determine if a mass is solid or liquid: _________________________
8. When part of a tissue is removed and examined under a microscope: _________
15 Complete the text with the missing nouns.
Beauty marks
A beauty mark or beauty 1. _________________________ is a euphemism for a type of dark facial mole, so named because such 2. _________________________ are sometimes considered an attractive feature. Moles of this type may also be located elsewhere on the 3. _________________________, but are only usually considered beauty marks if located on the face, shoulder, 4. _________________________ or breast.
In the 20th century, Marilyn Monroe’s beauty mark generated a new 5. _________________________ and the supermodel Cindy Crawford’s prominent mole helped revive the fashion.
False 6. _________________________ marks are sometimes applied to the 7. _________________________ as a form of make-up. Beauty marks were particularly highly regarded during the 18th 8. _________________________, and creating false ones became common, often in fanciful 9. _________________________ such as hearts or 10. _________________________.
16 Look at the picture on the previous page and compare normal and cancer cells.
Refer to: growth, shape, number of chromosomes and boundaries between cells.
CANCER IN ANIMALS
Cancer is widespread in the animai kingdom. lt affects molluscs, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Some species develop cancers similarly to humans, (e.g. skin cancer in dogs and horses), while others are affected by a rare,
contagious form of the disease. At the other end of the spectrum, some species rarely get cancer; for example, elephants, which have 20 copies of a gene-suppressing cancer. Humans only have one.
GLOSSARY
affected: interessato, colpito da
growth: crescita, escrescenza
imaging test: diagnostica per immagini
lump: massa, gonfiore
mole: neo
to refresh oneself: rigenerarsi
uterine fibroid: fibroma uterino