WHAT IS MEMORY? Different kinds of memories Humans have different types of for different lengths of time. seconds to hours, while last for years. We also have a , which lets us keep something in our minds for a limited time by repeating it. you say a phone number to yourself over and over to remember it, you are using your working memory. memories Short-term memories last long-term memories working memory Whenever Another way to categorise memories is by the subject of the memory itself, and whether you are aware of it. , also called , consists of the sorts of memories you experience consciously. Some of these memories are facts, others consist of past events you have experienced, such as a birthday. Declarative memory explicit memory childhood WARM UP • ls it easy for you to remember names or telephone numbers? • Do you find it easy to match new friends' faces to their names? , also called , unconsciously . This includes procedural memories, which your body uses to remember the skills you have learned. Non-declarative memory implicit memory builds up Do you play an instrument or ride a bicycle? Those are your procedural memories at work. Non-declarative memories can also your body’s involuntary responses, like salivating at the sight of your favourite food or being nervous when you see something you . shape fear 1 MORE Emotions "attach themselves" to new information in the brain, acting as an indicator of importance. The stronger the intensity, the more clearly and readily you are able to remember that memory. 1 Amnesia In general, declarative memories are easier to form than non-declarative memories. It takes less time to memorise a country’s capital than it does to learn how to play the violin, but non-declarative memories remain more easily. Once you have learned to ride a bicycle, you do not forget. To understand how we remember things, neuroscientists study , the loss of memories or the ability to learn. Amnesia is usually the result of some kind of trauma to the brain, such as a head injury, a , a brain tumour, or chronic alcoholism. There are two main types of amnesia. The first, , occurs when you forget things you knew before the brain trauma. is when brain trauma stops someone’s ability to form new memories. amnesia stroke retrograde amnesia Anterograde amnesia 1 DO In some cases, hypnosis can help people overcome amnesia and regain ...... 1