2.3 THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY Electricity is generated in power plants using various sources of fuel. Once generated, the electricity has to be distributed to its users. This can be quite difficult because power stations are often situated far from cities and houses. It is therefore necessary to have a that connects the place where the energy is generated to its final users. This connection is possible thanks to the power or . network infrastructure electrical grid 1 DO Watch this video to learn more: ► Chapter 2: Anatomy of a Transmission System posted by American Electric Power 1 Enabling the transmission of power In order to make it possible for electric current to reach buildings, its voltage has to be increased so that it can travel long distances. This happens in near the power plants by means of a : the higher voltage pushes the electricity through , which are conductors that carry it from its source to the regional and local distribution systems. Transmission lines are cables, generally made of aluminium or copper, that are suspended between or . Even though transmission lines can be placed underground, it is more common to use power lines because they are cheaper and much easier to maintain. Once the cables reach an urban area, they usually go underground. step-up substations 1 transformer transmission lines pylons towers overhead MORE Innovative power grids use digital substations: they are more reliable and efficient and can be operated at a lower cost. 1 Making current usable Once the current has reached its destination, another substation the high voltage , so that the energy can be easily transported through the local , which are either underground or overhead cables that are similar to transmission lines but only suitable for low voltage electricity. Now the electricity can finally be distributed to the end-users for all of their domestic, industrial, or commercial needs. steps down distribution lines As electricity enters a building, it passes through a , which measures the amount of electricity used. After that, it travels through the building’s electrical safety protection devices which are connected to the building’s internal cables and then on to the outlets and switches all over the building. Now, devices can be plugged in and operated. meter