Donatella Bottero

Raffaella Beolé

L’argomento.
 Il testo è rivolto agli studenti dei corsi di studio a indirizzo “Costruzioni, Ambiente e Territorio” e “Architettura e Ambiente”.
 Gli argomenti trattati sono strettamente collegati alle discipline di studio del triennio: ecologia e salvaguardia del territorio, materiali da costruzione e sicurezza nei cantieri di lavoro, bioedilizia, progettazione e realizzazione di edifici, tecniche e strumenti per la restituzione grafica
 di progetti e rilievi, problematiche urbanistiche, conoscenza della storia dell’architettura con riferimenti specifici all’architettura moderna e contemporanea.

Module 1 - The environment

1 Ecology

2 Pollution

3 Energy sources

Mapping your mind

Vocabulary

Grammar • Expressing present time in English

Listening • Water for life

Speaking • The last drop

Writing • Applying for a summer job

Film • Avatar

Green Economy

Module 2 - Bio and Man-made construction

1 Landscapes

2 Eco-design

3 Building materials

Grammar • Expressing past time in English

Listening • The vertical forest

Speaking • Ten energy saving tips for your house

Writing • How to write a complaint letter

Film • A Little Chaos

Classification of common rock

Module 3 - Surveying

1 Progession and equipment

2 Mapping

Grammar • Expressing future time in English

Listening • Becoming a surveyor

Speaking • Meet a surveyor

Writing • Working as a surveyor

Film • The Englishman Who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain

James Cook

Module 4 - House planning

1 Designing

2 Building elements

3 Technical systems

4 Building renovation and restoration

Grammar • The Passive Form

Listening • Casa Loma, Toronto

Speaking • Lower your fuel bill with a grant

Writing • Looking for a new house

Film • The Money Pit

Edward Hopper: the painter of American urban landscape

Module 5 - Public works

1 Roads and public transports

2 Education, culture and entertainment

3 Recreation and sport

Grammar • Compounds

Listening • The London Stadium

Speaking • A radio debate: train or plane?

Writing • Assessing a school building

Film • Once Upon a Time in the West

John Steinbeck: the voice of American rural workers

Module 6 - The workplace

1 Civil engineering

2 Architecture and architects

3 Safety in the yard

Grammar • Comparatives and Superlatives

Listening • Safety test

Speaking • An interview

Writing • Writing a cover letter

Film • The Architect

Earthquakes

Module 7 - Settlements

1 Urbanisation

2 History of city planning

Grammar • Prefixes and Suffixes

Listening • Dubai: a city of contrasts

Speaking • Liverpool: a real urban renaissance

Writing • City or countryside?

Film • Manhattan

The Olympic Games

Module 8 - History of architecture

1 From the beginnings to the 18th century

2 Architecture of the 19th century

3 The masters of modern architecture

4 Contemporary architecture

Grammar • Connectors

Listening • Art Deco in America

Speaking • Sightseeing modern architecture

Writing • A school trip to Barcelona

Film • Medici: Masters of Florence

Proportions: the Golden Ratio

2 BUILDING ELEMENTS FOUNDATIONS Answer these questions. a. How deep do you think the foundations of your house could be? b. Have you ever seen any buildings with problems of settlement? c. Do you know what material the roof of your house is made of? d. Is there a staircase in your school? How many steps do you have to walk up to get to the floor of your classroom? e. Could you identify the load-bearing and non-loadbearing walls in your house? A foundation is the part of a structure that transfers the loads from the structure to the ground. It is essential that the loads are spread safely and equally over the supporting ground to ensure the stability of the building. Generally speaking, foundations are divided into two categories: shallow foundations (about 1 or 2 metres) and deep foundations (20   65 metres). Shallow foundations are used for small, light buildings, while deep foundations are for large, heavy buildings such as skyscrapers where the foundations actually anchor the building to the ground. A properly designed foundation will limit settlement, that is the tendency for a new building to sink into the ground. It is normal for a building to be subjected to some settlement. This is because most soils are a mixture of soil, air and water. When the building load is exerted on the soil, the air and water are driven out and the soil consolidates. roof loads transferred to walls floor loads transferred to walls Area of weaker soil fails to resist loads from building Building tends to sink Foundation spread load to ground Equilibrium: loads from building are resisted uniformly by ground. A foundation is always wider than the element which is supported (e.g. wall or column) so the load is spread over a greater area and the actual weight on the soil does not exceed the safe bearing capacity of the soil. Placing steel reinforcement in the foundation counteracts bending and ensures the foundation will remain stable. to anchor: ancorare bending: flessione, piegamento depth: profondità to dig (dug-dug): scavare driven out: espulso to ensure: assicurare to exceed: eccedere exerted: esercitata frost line: linea di congelamento del terreno high-rise: alto (di un edificio) low-rise: basso (di un edificio) to sink: affondare spread: distribuito 116 Module 4 FOUNDATIONS Tension causing cracking Steel reinforcement counteracts tensile forces 

Foundations in Venice Shallow foundations Deep foundations The first step in constructing foundations is the excavation taking into consideration the type of soil, the frost line and the depth of underground water. Then, the workers will place the footings. These are made by pouring concrete into wood or steel forms that are placed under the frost line, or the depth to which the groundwater freezes. This is essential in cold climates because the water in the soil around the foundation can freeze and expand, thereby damaging the foundation. Shallow foundations of low-rise residential buildings are nearly all supported on open footings because during the early stages of work, the entire footing is visible. Deep foundations are used for high-rise buildings. This system for supporting heavy loads include piles. A pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong material such as concrete that is pushed into the ground so that the structure can be supported on the top of it. During the foundation works, excavations for connecting the technical systems are usually required and are dug at the same time. 1 Write the Italian equivalents of the following English words. The entire city of Venice is famous for being built on wooden piles over sea water. The wood was gathered in forests far away in the mountains of Slovenia, Croatia, and Montenegro. The timber was then transported by water to Venice. Why doesn t it rot ? The wood is not exposed to oxygen as it is submerged in the water and mud; as a result, it does not rot. In fact, the wood becomes petrified due to a constant flow of mineral rich water around and through it. As a consequence, it becomes a hardened stone-like structure. a. load ........................................................................ f. excavation ........................................................................ b. soil ........................................................................ g. skyscraper ........................................................................ c. ground ........................................................................ h. groundwater ........................................................................ d. square metre ........................................................................ i. technical systems ........................................................................ e. width ........................................................................ j. concrete ........................................................................ 2 Decide if the following statements are true or false and correct the false ones. 3 F Loads must be spread equally over the supporting ground. Foundations are the same for all kinds of buildings. A foundation is as wide as the element which it supports. Steel reinforcement ensures the foundation will remain stable. The frost line is not a key element in foundations. Footings are placed over the frost line in cold climates. Open footings are used for low-rise residential buildings. Pile footings are used in high-rise buildings. ACTIVITIES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. T Answer the following questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What is the main function of foundations in a building? What are the main categories of foundations? What is meant by the word  settlement ? Why are foundations always wider than the element which is supported? How are footings made? Where are open footings and pile footings usually used? What other kind of excavations may be required during the foundation works? HOUSE PLANNING Module 4 117 

Il testo per studenti di “Costruzioni, Ambiente e Territorio” tratta ecologia, bioedilizia, sicurezza nei cantieri, progettazione, urbanistica.

New Landscapes

English for the Construction Industry, the Environment and Design

Flowbooks è una piattaforma di distribuzione dedicata al mondo della scuola e dell'università.  Con questa piattaforma di distribuzione, il team di sviluppo Flowbooks  si impegna a soddisfare le esigenze degli utenti digitali, rendendo l'utilizzo accessibile e piacevole.  Entra nella tua area di interesse!

Edisco è una Casa editrice indipendente che opera prevalentemente nel settore educativo.

Edisco

Flowbooks è innovazione didattica a portata di click