2 ARCHITECTURE OF THE 19 CENTURY TH THE ECLECTIC CENTURY A kaleidoscope of styles Architecture in the 19th century was greatly influenced by and , which were adapted to the . Two principal characteristics distinguish 19 -century architecture: the use of a variety of and the development of new materials and structural methods. These very different currents produced a , including town and country houses, palaces and public buildings in a series of styles – Greek, Roman, Etruscan, Gothic, Renaissance, and so on. Elements of these earlier styles were put together to give an air of authority to (Birmingham), railway stations (Euston, London), opera houses (Paris Opera) and institutional buildings (Houses of Parliament, London). earlier architectural movements exotic, foreign styles new technologies of the early modern age th historical styles wonderful assortment of architecture town halls New materials and new structural challenges The second characteristic emerged from the as a result of the new industrial needs. In the mid years of the century, was used for the structures in large buildings such as and libraries. Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton for the 1851 International Exhibition in London, provided a spectacular example of the possibilities of cast iron and glass. In 1889, Gustave Eiffel designed the famous tower, which provided a great form of publicity for the new material – steel. During the second half of the 19th century, in the United States, the possibilities of cast iron and steel were most effectively exploited in the construction of buildings. was first seen in New York, but the genre was by the Chicago School of Architecture. The architect Louis Sullivan formulated the principle by which the design is the direct expression of functional relations (exemplified by his phrase "Form follows function"). This principle becomes basic in 20 -century architecture. development of new materials cast iron 1 warehouses multi-storey Skyscraper architecture mastered th WARM UP a. a chemical element; b. an alloy of iron and carbon; c. an alloy of iron and zinc. Steel , largely used in modern buildings, is: MORE Cast iron is a commercial alloy of iron, carbon and silicon. 1 DO Before the Eiffel Tower was built, Gustave Eiffel’s firm was asked to design the internal frame for another monument, which France later donated to the United States. What was it? 1