1 MATTER MATTERS THE SUBSTANCE OF THE UNIVERSE WARM UP air • clouds • energy • gravity • heat • iron • love • Mars • microwaves • person • rainbow • reflections • rock • sound • spider • the Sun • sunlight • time • tree • water • In your opinion, which of the following things are ’matter’ or ’non-matter’? Definition of matter Everything that has mass and space is ; however, there are some things that do not consist of matter. All substances consist of matter but type of energy or any abstract concept is something that is not matter. takes up matter 1 any The basic chemical of matter are . A chemical element is a material which cannot be or changed into another substance using chemical . building blocks elements broken down means DO Look up in the dictionary and find two more meanings of the word ‘matter’. 1 States of matter Four states of matter can be observed in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. The different states of matter have different physical properties. A has a rigid shape and a volume that does not change much with temperature. A has a fixed volume but no rigid shape and it takes the shape of its container. Its volume may with changes in temperature and pressure. Liquids, like solids, cannot be compressed. A has neither definite volume nor as it expands to fill its container completely. Its volume is very temperature and pressure. consists of -charged particles with extremely high energy. While plasma is not a common state of matter on Earth, plasmas are everywhere. solid fixed liquid alter gas shape sensitive to Plasma highly kinetic man-made Many other states of matter are known to exist only in extreme environments, such as (Bose-Einstein Condensates) , 'the fifth state of matter'. BEC 1 referred to as MORE Of the five states matter can be in, the are perhaps the most mysterious. They weren't created in the laboratory until the 1990s. was identified by William Crookes in 1879. 1 Bose-Einstein condensates Plasma Phase changes When specific physical conditions – such as temperature, pressure, and other physical forces – change, matter can move from one to another: phase solids may melt into liquids ( / ) fusion melting solids may sublimate into gases ( ) sublimation liquids may vaporise into gases ( / ) vaporisation boiling liquids may freeze into solids ( ) freezing gases may condense into liquids ( ) condensation gases may deposit into solids ( ). deposition