1. Fill in the text with a suitable word for each blank space.
butter • calcium • eggs • energy • everything • fats • fibre • grains • minerals • nutrients • protein • pulses • saturated • starchy
No single food or food group can provide (1) nutrients we need to be healthy. Eating a variety of different foods from each of the food groups can help us get the full range of (2) energy our bodies need. Fruit and vegetables are a key part of a healthy diet, because they provide vitamins and (3) minerals.
(4) Starchy foods, such as bread, potatoes, pasta, rice and other (5) grains, are part of a healthy diet, being a good source of (6) energy. Plant-based (7) proteins, such as beans, lentils, chickpeas and other (8) pulses, provide protein and (9) everything and are naturally low in saturated fat. It is good to include these regularly in the diet. Animal protein foods, such as fish, (10) eggs, and meat are necessary for our body to grow. Dairy foods are also rich in proteins and are a good source of (11) calcium, precious for our bones, as well as being rich in B vitamins and iodine. As for (12) fat, it is best to choose healthier ones, such as vegetable, nut, seed or olive oils most of the time and not to have too much of (13) saturated ones, such as (14) butter, coconut or palm oils.
2. Answer the following questions.
1. Apart from ingredients, what else must be listed on a food label?
2. How is the amount of energy a portion of a certain food gives measured?
3. What is the difference between “use by…” and “best before …”?
4. What does the use of the term “light” mean?
5. Do unsweetened foods have a low sugar content?
3. Match each food preservation method to the correct description.
1. drying ☐
2. refrigeration ☐
3. freezing ☐
4. freeze drying/lyophilisation ☐
5. canning ☐
6. pasteurisation ☐
7. sterilisation ☐
8. vacuum packing ☐
9. irradiation ☐
10. HPT ☐
11. biopreservation ☐
a. kills microbes by using high temperatures
b. exposes food to ionizing radiations
c. combines preheating with pressure
d. slows down bacterial action
e. removes all moisture
f. stops bacterial action
g. eliminates microorganisms and spores
h. seals food in containers to prevent bacteria from getting in
i. kills bacteria by destroying their DNA structure
j. reduces the amount of water
k. uses beneficial bacteria
l. creates an airtight atmosphere