Citizenship EU HUMAN-CENTRIC APPROACH TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial Intelligence (AI) commonly refers to a combination of: machine learning techniques used for searching and analysing large volumes of data; robotics dealing with the conception, design, manufacture and operation of programmable machines; algorithms and automated decision-making systems (ADMS) able to predict human and machine behaviour and to make autonomous decisions. Advantages AI technologies can be extremely beneficial from an economic and social point of view and are already being used in areas such as healthcare or to efficiently manage energy and water consumption. AI increasingly affects our daily lives, and its potential range of application is so wide that it is sometimes referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. Possible risks While most studies show that AI brings many benefits, they also highlight a number of ethical, legal and economic concerns, relating primarily to the risks facing human rights and fundamental freedoms. 12 For instance, AI poses risks to personal data protection and privacy, or a risk of discrimination when algorithms are used for purposes such as to profile people or to resolve situations in criminal justice. There are also some concerns about the impact of AI technologies and robotics on the labour market. Trustworthy AI On 8th April 2019, the High-Level Expert Group on AI (a group of experts appointed by the European Commission to study, analyse and provide advice on how to use artificial intelligence in the EU) presented Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence , stating that: The European AI strategy and the coordinated plan make clear that trust is a prerequisite to ensure a human-centric approach to AI: AI is not an end in itself, but a tool that has to serve people with the ultimate aim of increasing human well-being. The values on which our societies are based need to be fully integrated in the way AI develops. The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. GROUP WORK Choose three of the seven EU requirements for achieving trustworthy AI requirements, go online and find how they are described, then discuss with your classmates the result of your research. 1. Human agency and oversight 2. Robustness and safety 3. Privacy and data protection 4. Transparency 5. Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness 6. Societal and environmental well-being 7. Accountability accountability: responsabilità fairness: correttezza oversight: supervisione, vigilanza trustworthy: sicuro, affidabile 162 MECHATRONICS MechPower.indb 162 30/01/24 17:08