EXCERCISES 7 Answer the questions. What are IFPs? What human activities can contribute to the diffusion of IFPs? What are invasive forest pathogens responsible for? How does the pine processionary moth damage forest trees? Where does the Asian chestnut gall wasp come from? How can the infestations by ACGW be controlled? How does the bark beetle attack a tree? When is the chemical treatment against the bark beetle effective? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8 Watch the video about Chalara fraxinea and fill in the gaps. then watch the video again and identify the words corresponding to the Italian expressions given below. – Winter Symptoms Chalara ash dieback It’s best to pick a dry day as it’s ........................................... to see the symptoms. Also concentrate your search at eye level because it’s ........................................... to see ash in the crown of mature trees, even with binoculars. Obviously, it’s winter so there are no leaves, so you ........................................... to make sure you’re looking at ash. It has a smooth grey bark which is olive ........................................... in younger trees and thick black buds. The first ........................................... to look for is brown or black retained leaf stalks or rachis on the stem which you wouldn’t normally see in a healthy ............................................ The symptom you’re most likely to see is stem discolouration, moving from this ........................................... olive green through to these distinctive purple and browns, showing ash dieback. This is very distinctive of chalara: a section of ........................................... sandwiched between healthy stem, here and here. Finally, we have the diamond-shaped ............................................ You won’t always see them but, where they are present, they are very distinctive. You can find out more about ........................................... and its symptoms on the Forestry Commission website. Scolorimento ..................................................................................... Stelo ........................................................................................................... Gemma ................................................................................................... Chioma, corona .............................................................................. Picciolo .................................................................................................... Corteccia liscia ................................................................................. 1. 2. dieback 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Forestry Commission UK INSERIRE VIDEO: Chalara ash dieback – winter symptoms posted by 9 Go online to find more information about the chestnut gall wasp which has compromised the national chestnut production and farming economy since 2000. then, in turn, play the role of a journalist and a representative of the coldiretti committee being interviewed about the state of Italian orchards.