Painting, sculpture, 9 and architecture John Everett Millais 53 Over two centuries of changes and challenges in British arts Landscape painting : It gained popularity during the 18th century thanks to English artists John Constable and J.M. William Turner. Constable was a realist, he depicted what he saw with his eyes; Turner9s paintings, instead, are more abstract and aimed to evoke emotions through his use of colours and light. Both artists can be regarded as forerunners of French Impressionism. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood : It was founded in London in 1848 by a group of painters who wanted to return to the spontaneity and sincerity of the art which came before the Italian painter Raphael (1483-1526). Gabriel Dante Rossetti and John Everett Millais, two founders of the school, were to exert a strong influence on the Aesthetic movement and Art Nouveau of the 19 th century. The Pop Art movement : Although it is thought to have originated in the US with artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein, Pop Art actually started in Britain in 1952 with Richard Hamilton, the pioneer of the movement. Pop artists wanted to bring art back into the daily life of people, challenging the contemporary art world they believed to be too Andy Warhol sophisticated and elitist. glossary concrete: cemento to exert: esercitare dung: letame 1 66 Street Art vs Graffiti: Understanding the Differences and Similarities posted by Cut it Out 2 WRITING SPEAKING Watch this video and create a comparison chart. Then discuss the final statement in small groups. <Graffiti artists should be punished for damaging the city environment.= 3 WRITING Write a school magazine article of about 150 words about one of the artists mentioned in the text. Follow the instructions. " Search the Internet to find information " Say what art movement the artist belongs to " Say what techniques/style the artist uses " Say what his main works are School of London : The term refers to a group of London-based artists who conceived their artworks as a reaction against the abstractionism of the post-war years. Painters associated with the School, which came into being in 1976, included Francis Bacon, Lucian Freud, and Frank Auerbach. YBAs (Young British Artists) : They were art students who gained visibility during an exhibition organised by Damien Hirst in 1988. They challenged traditional painting and sculpture by employing unusual materials, such as pieces of furniture, dead animals, concrete , condoms, elephant dung , and frozen blood with the purpose of stunning their audiences. forerunner: precursore to stun: sbalordire READING WRITING Answer the questions. 1 Which art movement did Turner and Constable anticipate? 2 Why did Pre-Raphaelites look back at the art before Italian painter Raphael? 3 What was the aim of pop artists? 4 What did the School of London criticise? 5 How did the Young British Artists try to shock people? Topic 3 " ARTS Damien Hirst