134 Treatment that takes into account mental and social factors and not just the symptoms of an illness are called holistic . Exercise can also reduce the risk of secondary complications like blood clots or muscle atrophy, which can arise from prolonged periods of immobility. Search the web for information about endorphins, dopamine, and serotonin. clot: coagulo to enhance: migliorare overall: globale SPORTS AND REHABILITATION Sport can be of the utmost importance if used, together with medical care, in the rehabilitation process of people recovering from serious illnesses, major accidents, or addictions. Not only does sport help fully regain physical functions, but it offers an overall approach to recovery, both from a physical and mental point of view. Physical benefits For those recovering from a serious illness or accident, sports are often an integral part of physical therapy. A structured and gradual use of physical activity can: restore physical functions through targeted exercises; manage pain, as physical activities release endorphins, the body s natural painkillers, which can help alleviate chronic pain; improve global well-being, enhancing cardiovascular health, managing weight, and strengthening the immune system, all of which are essential for well-being . Mental and psychological benefits Sport and exercise stimulate the release of neurotransmitters, like endorphins, dopamine, and serotonin , which are linked to mood regulation and feelings of happiness. Moreover, psychological benefits deriving from sports and physical activity are: 244 HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY, AND CIVIC EDUCATION the increase of self-esteem and confidence: setting and achieving physical goals, even small ones, can rebuild self-esteem and confidence that may have been lost in periods of addiction, illness, or injury; the establishment of a routine, which can create a sense of purpose and stability, especially important for individuals in addiction recovery who are trying to build a new, healthier lifestyle; the establishment or increase of social relationships: team sports offer opportunities for social interaction and a support network. In particular, for individuals recovering from addiction, sports can provide a way to restore the brain s reward system. By stimulating it with healthy activities, sports can help reduce the desire for addictive substances. Moreover, the discipline and perseverance required in sports reflect the challenges of maintaining sobriety. The need for professional help The reintroduction of sports into a rehabilitation plan should be gradual and carefully supervised by professionals, in order to ensure the individual s safety and maximise its benefits. For those in addiction recovery, a sports or fitness programme should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan that also includes therapy and other forms of support.