37 To ensure athletes safety, modern-generation pits are made of inner foam boxes that create air gaps which absorb the impact energy when they fall. This style was named after its inventor, the Olympic jumper Dick Fosbury, who invented it in 1968. Do you know of any other high-jump styles? The pole is usually made of fibreglass or carbon fibre. approach: avvicinamento to arch: inarcarsi foam: schiuma to grip: afferrare mat: materassino pit: buca to plant: piantare pole: asta seemingly: apparentemente to sink: affondare spearlike: a forma di lancia to twist: torcere Long jump JUMPS AND THROWS Jumping events High jump. The jumper must leave the ground with one foot, jump over a bar, and land on an inflatable landing mat . They remain in the competition as long as they do not have three consecutive misses. The most popular style is the Fosbury flop : frontal approach, take-off twisting the back, flight with the back over the bar and landing. Long jump. The jumper runs down the lane at top speed, plants a foot on the take-off board, jumps, and lands in a sandpit. For the jump to be valid, no part of the foot can go beyond the take-off board. The most popular long-jumping style is called the hitchkick , in which the runner seemingly walks in the air. Throwing events Shot put. A heavy metal ball (the shot) must be thrown as far as possible, but it must not drop below the line of the athlete s shoulders at any stage of the put. The men s shot weighs 7.26kg while the women s 4kg. Triple jump. The athlete runs down the runway, jumps on the take-off board with one foot (the hop phase), lands, takes a step (the step phase), and ends with a jump into the sandpit. Pole vault. The jumper runs for about 45 metres carrying a long and flexible pole to jump over a very high bar. After planting the end of the pole in a box sunk into the ground, the jumper leaves the ground and pulls themselves upward. They twist as they near the bar and arch over it to land on an inflated pit. Discus throw. A disk-shaped object must be thrown from a circle of 2.5 metres in diameter and must fall as distant as possible within a sector marked on the ground. Hammer throw. A 7,2kg metal ball attached to a wire by a handle must be thrown as far as possible. The handle is gripped by the thrower and released after three or four body turns to develop maximum centrifugal force. Javelin throw. A spearlike object is thrown with an over-the-shoulder motion at the end of a run. For a valid throw, the javelin must land point-first. The men s javelin is at least 260 cm long while the women s at least 220 cm. 76 TO DO