4.1 THE BASICS 48 What is the difference between typeface and font? Clarendon is considered the first registered typeface; extremely popular in particular for display applications such as posters printed with wood type, it was associated with wanted posters of the American Old West. What is a monospace typeface? TYPEFACE Layout refers to the strategic composition and visual organisation of various elements within a defined space. Its success relies upon the arrangement of objects, text, and pictures, their proportion, consistency, emphasis, sequence, and their relationship with each other; it aims to attain wellidentified communication goals, so it has a crucial role in graphic design. What is a typeface? A typeface is a set of characters of the same design, and it includes: letters punctuation marks numbers symbols. It must also take into consideration all possible variations (fonts) such as: extrabold light bold italics regular. Thanks to digital graphics, there are thousands of different typefaces available, with new ones being developed constantly in order to customise experiences as much as possible. Classification and uses ONLINE RESOURCES Great types Fonts to attain: raggiungere stroke: segno tapered: rastremato, affusolato uneven: irregolare 124 LayOut Serifs include added strokes attached to the end of character; they were among the first created typefaces. They are often used in print media as they are elegant and legible. Serifs are further classified into: Old style serifs, which tend to have a calligraphic quality that places more emphasis on the diagonal axis (e.g. Garamond, ITC Berkeley); Transitional serifs, which tend to be more upright and have tapered serifs like old style ones (e.g. Baskerville, Times New Roman); Didone serifs, which have thin serifs and a lot of contrast (e.g. Didot, Bodoni); Slab serifs, which are more modern and have thick serifs and continuous line width. Usually, they are also used for monospace typefaces , too (e.g. Rockwell, Courier). Sans Serifs, which are more modern in terms of look and development, do not have any added strokes. They are easily readable and have a high resolution. They may be classified into: Grotesque sans serifs, the first generation of sans serifs, which are solid and tend to have an uneven look, with different stroke widths and character forms (e.g. News Gothic, Franklin gothic); Neo-grotesque sans serifs, which are quite straightforward and have a limited stroke width variation (e.g. Helvetica, Univers); Humanist, which try to incorporate calligraphy elements and have varied stroke lengths that resemble handwriting (e.g. Verdana, Calibri); Geometric, which have consistent stroke width and a minimalistic style, appearing bold, angular, and shapely (e.g. Avenir, Avant garde). Scripts imitate handwriting or calligraphic writing and are perfect for very short, expressive texts. Display typefaces, which vary widely in their appearance, are suitable for headlines and titles.