53 Composition implies creative thought that is associated with arts such as painting, photography, writing, and architecture. Typography includes the typeface, the style of the letters as well as colours, textures, and sizes. It can even involve the alignment chosen to make important words stand out in the design. COMPOSITION Both layout and composition are concerned with the arrangement of elements on a page. They are the building blocks of design which give a work structure and make it easier to navigate it. They contribute to the overall aesthetics, usability, and impact of a design, ensuring that all the elements work together in a way that is harmonious and able to convey the desired message and engage the users. Layout vs composition Layout refers to the position of all the required elements on the page and is more technical and mechanic, whereas composition is more creative and the result of a process that aims to arrange all the contents so as to tell a story. It concerns all the choices regarding typeface, spacing, justification, flowing text, margins, images, and much more. repetition: repeating or echoing certain elements it reinforces design; contrast: including an item that is different from another it emphasises or highlights key elements; hierarchy: using different levels to position the elements it helps to navigate the layout, showing where to begin and where to go next, showing different levels of importance; 130 LayOut Repetition Contrast alignment: lining elements up it creates sharp, ordered designs which show visual connections between different elements; white space: leaving some negative, unfilled space it helps to define and break up different sections better. Tips for a successful composition These are some key actions for a successful composition: create a pleasant effect using shape, line, colour, texture, type, and space; Principles of composition There are some basic rules in composition: at a glance: a prima vista to echo: ripetere hierarchy: gerarchia to highlight: evidenziare scale: proporzione proximity: grouping elements together it helps to create connections or to emphasise the lack of relationship, making the layout easier to understand at a glance; Hierarchy use balance for a dynamic effect; add emotional mood with contrast and scale; keep proportions such as the golden section or the rule of thirds in mind; choose to be simple or excessive consciously; don t be afraid to insert a surprising element; make images and typography well together. Proximity Alignment work White space