100 Another common braking system is the drum brake, with a rotor rotating with the wheels. A caliper is also an instrument for measuring the external or internal dimensions of an object. MAIN CAR SYSTEMS caliper Besides the engine, a car is made up of several important systems that work together to make it run safely and efficiently. These include the transmission, brakes, and electrical systems. Understanding these systems helps explain how cars move, stop, and stay under control. pads Electrical system The function of the electrical system is to supply and control electrical power for starting the engine, lighting, and operating all electronic components in the vehicle. It consists of two devices: the battery, which stores energy in chemical form so that it can be released as electricity to run the vehicle s electrical components; caliper: pinza clutch: frizione gear: marcia hub: mozzo rear: posteriore pad: cuscinetto to shift: cambiare stick: (qui) cambio hub the alternator, which is an electricity-generating device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is used to supply power to the electrical system along with the battery. It also recharges the battery by using the mechanical energy generated by the motion of the vehicle parts. Braking system The braking system of a car is used to stop or slow the vehicle. The most common system uses the disc brake system , whose parts are: rotor Disc brake the caliper , which can be found in the front or rear of a vehicle and which contains hydraulic components that force the brake pads against the rotor to slow or stop the vehicle; the brake rotor, which is a discshaped component that revolves with hub and wheel. It is forced against the pad to provide a friction surface for the brake system; the pad, which is the component that applies pressure and friction to the brake rotors. Transmission system The transmission system is the part of a car that transfers power from the engine to the wheels. The function of the transmission (or gear box) is to make sure that the right amount of power goes to the wheels to drive at a given speed. There are two types of transmission: automatic, in which gear ratios are automatically controlled by the engine computer; manual, which consists of a stick for shifting gears and a third pedal for operating a clutch that connects and disconnects the engine from the transmission. 234 MECHANICS