MAPPING YOUR MIND Cooling water jacket Crankshaft Gudgeon pin Connecting rod Piston Sunlight into electricity Inlet and exhaust manifolds Intake and exhaust valves Solar panels mounted on surfaces Sparkplug Combustion chamber Solar cars Cylinder Cylinder block Fewer moving parts Parts Power every two spins of the engine Internal combustion engine Four-stroke External combustion engine Power every revolution of crankshaft Types Triangular rotor inside oval-shaped housing Rotary engines Electricity from chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen Two-stroke Transforms energy into mechanical motion The ICE engine Types Fuel cells Compression ignition Diesel engine Hydrogen cars Innovative engines 4.5 Cars Petrol engine Electric cars Spark ignition Four-stroke combustion cycle Intake stroke Compression stroke Main car systems Energy stored in batteries Lithium-ion battery Regenerative braking systems Electric motor turns into generator Power stroke Easier and simpler Exhaust stroke Fewer parts Need charging Standard outlet Fast-charging station Electrical system Supplies and controls electrical power Braking system Stops or slows down the vehicle Most common Disc brake system Transmission system Transfers power from engine to wheels Types Automatic Manual Steering and suspension system Controls direction of car and keeps it stable Exhaust system Removes exhaust gases and reduces noise Safety system Protects passengers and reduces risks of injury Components Anti-lock brakes Traction control Electronic stability control Passive systems Driver-assistance systems