module 5 CONNECTORS GRAMMAR Connectors are words which connect paragraphs, sentences or part of them. They have various functions, such as: a. additional information: and, besides, in addition, moreover, further; b. cause: as, because, because of, due to, since; c. effect: as a result, consequently, so, hence, therefore, thus; d. example or explanation: e.g., for example/instance, i.e., such as, that is; e. contrast: but, despite, although/though, however, in spite of, instead, whereas; f. purpose: in order to, so that, so as to; g. comparison: as, as well as, as if, like, unlike, provided that, unless; h. time: as, before, after, as soon as, when, since, until; i. time sequence: first, then, next, after that, eventually/finally. NOTE: e.g. means per esempio and i.e. means ovvero ; they are abbreviations from the Latin. Eventually is a false friend meaning infine . Since means not only da / a partire da before a date, but also siccome / poiché As means come but also siccome / poiché and mentre / man mano che . As and like mean come . As is usually before subject + verb, or means in qualità di (As you like it Come preferisci; As a teacher In qualità di insegnante). Like is followed by a noun or pronoun (Like a rolling stone Come una pietra rotolante; She speaks like him Parla come lui). Underline the connectors in the sentences below; then translate these linking words into Italian. a. The filing system needs to be well-organized because a large number of files is stored on a computer over a period of time. b. On a network, each user is identified by a user ID / username that defines the person s rights, i.e. what they will be able to access. c. When students are learning through technology, they look for information on the Internet themselves. They have control over how to use or present this information. Thus, unlike in a teacher-led classroom, in a tech-savvy one, the students are active participants. d. Moreover, these days, students are very tech-savvy and may know more than the teachers. e. There are many advantages in online advertising. However, there are also some disadvantages. f. Illustrators are able to create an idea or a story; they can do drawings for printed materials such as books, magazines and other advertisements. g. Photographers need to know how to use a camera and other photography equipment, such as lights, film, lenses, filters and digital technology. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good education and advanced training in photography. h. Since the Internet began to grow in popularity in 1994, a great number of business companies have started to put their services on line in the World Wide Web. i. Not all people like online shopping because they are worried that their credit card details might be intercepted and used to make unauthorized purchases. j. In addition, Pay-Per-Click advertising is a well-known practice to grab customers attention. 206