9.5 Verbi sostitutivi non modali capaci generica necessità non permesso possibilità potere situazione tutti n Per esprimere i vari significati di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e dovere, si possono usare anche verbi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . modali (in particolare per i tempi in cui non esistono le forme modali)1, come: to be able (riuscire, essere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ./in grado di fare qualcosa), che esprime capacità, in alternativa can/could2 was able to get out of the building in time. Fu in grado di uscire dall edificio in tempo. have been able to contact them. Sono riuscito a contattarli. She I to be allowed (avere il permesso, essere concesso), che esprime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., e to be likely (essere possibile/probabile), che esprime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ./probabilità, in alternativa a may/might has been allowed to bring his brother with him. Gli è stato concesso di portare suo fratello con sé. are likely to move to the USA. probabile che vadano a vivere negli USA. He They have (dovere, avere la necessità di fare qualcosa), che esprime dovere/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., in alternativa a must/should had to call the police. Hanno dovuto chiamare la polizia. will have to be here before eight o clock. Dovrà essere qui prima delle otto. They He 1 Come si è visto nell U 9.1, questi verbi non modali hanno caratteristiche formali diverse dai modali (hanno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i tempi verbali, si coniugano come qualsiasi verbo non modale, sono seguiti dall infinito). 2 Verbi modali e verbi sostitutivi non modali 13 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 112 Al passato could si riferisce ad una capacità . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e was/were able to ad una capacità in una . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . specifica. S he was able to swim when she was a child. Era capace a nuotare quando era bambina. S he was able to swim to the beach in that rough sea! Fu in grado di nuotare a riva in quel mare agitato! Scegli la forma corretta tra quelle in corsivo. Was she able/Was she able to/She was able to free herself and run away? I were able/could/was able to start the engine. We had/must/might to solve three problems. You would have to/should/might speak more slowly. He can t understand you well. They were not allowed/had not/could not to enter the building. Nobody was able to/was likely to/had tell us what happened. She would be allowed to/might/would have to be very tired after the treatment. We wasn t able/weren t able/couldn t to find a hotel, so we had to go to the nearest town. Did they have/Had they/Should they to pay for that? When she was at nursery school, she had to/was able to/could read. C Modulo 9