Roy Palmer

Doretta Ardu

L’argomento.
 Bit by Bit è un corso di inglese specialistico per il settore Informatico.
 
 I contenuti sono ordinati secondo criteri di graduale complessità concettuale e linguistica e vengono esplorati utilizzando le quattro abilità in modo omogeneo e integrato. I brani offrono un assortimento di stili, registri e livelli di difficoltà.
 
 La struttura.
 Bit by Bit è diviso in sei Moduli, ognuno dei quali è ripartito in un numero variabile di Unità.
 
 Ogni Unità è suddivisa in brevi Capitoli su due pagine – teoria ed esercizi – per favorire uno studio più parcellizzato e la scelta antologica da parte dell’insegnante. Brevi link (curiosità, ampliamenti, rimandi, attività o mini-approfondimenti) arricchiscono i brani per consentire una maggiore interattività. Un ricco apparato iconografico correda i brani di lettura, per ognuno dei quali è previsto un esauriente glossario.
 
 Al termine di ogni Unità sono presenti le seguenti sezioni:
 
 <ul><li>Grammar: Revisione delle strutture grammaticali più comuni con esercizi di rinforzo calati nel contesto;
</li><li>Citizenship: Attività che prendono spunto da contenuti dell’unità per agganciarsi a tematiche legate all’educazione civica e alla cittadinanza.
</li></ul>Alla fine di ogni Modulo, il testo propone ulteriori attività:
 
 <ul><li>Vocabulary: Esercizi di revisione e consolidamento;
</li><li>Real-life skills: Compiti di realtà e collaborativi, lavori di gruppo con un taglio di tipo pratico calato nella realtà;
</li><li>Case study: Argomento di attualità corredato di esercizi mirati all’approfondimento e alla discussione;
</li><li>Clip: Breve clip tratta da film attinenti agli argomenti del Modulo;
</li><li>Mapping your mind: Mappa concettuale riepilogativa.
</li></ul>Il testo si conclude con due ampie appendici:
 
 <ul><li>Biz bits: presenta testi e attività relativi al mondo del commercio e dell’economia;
</li><li>Careers: descrive le varie fasi della ricerca di un lavoro e analizza diversi profili lavorativi nel settore ICT.</li></ul>

MODULE 1 - THE BIRTH AND ROLE OF COMPUTERS

Unit 1.1 • Computer science, ICT and digital literacy

Unit 1.2 • Computers

VOCABULARY

REAL-LIFE SKILLS Choosing the right computer

CASE STUDY Artistic creations with e-waste

CLIP FILM The Time Machine

MAPPING YOUR MIND

MODULE 2 - THE BODY OF COMPUTERS

Unit 2.1 • The electronics of computers

Unit 2.2 • The structure of computers

Unit 2.3 • The peripherals of computers

REAL-LIFE SKILLS Dealing with QR codes and barcodes

CASE STUDY Federico Faggin and Intel 4004

CLIP FILM Strange Days

MODULE 3 - THE MIND OF COMPUTERS

Unit 3.1 • Computer languages

Unit 3.2 • Computer programming

Unit 3.3 • Operating systems

REAL-LIFE SKILLS Choosing the best programming language for your task

CASE STUDY Ada Lovelace, the first computer programmer

CLIP FILM Steve Jobs

MODULE 4 - THE USES OF COMPUTERS

Unit 4.1 • Main software

Unit 4.2 • Graphics software

Unit 4.3 • Other software programs

Unit 4.4 • The new frontiers of ICT

REAL-LIFE SKILLS Organising your school week and your notes

CASE STUDY The Story of Open Office

CLIP FILM AI – Artificial Intelligence

MODULE 5 - LINKING COMPUTERS

Unit 5.1 • Communication networks

Unit 5.2 • The Internet

Unit 5.3 • Sharing online

REAL-LIFE SKILLS Choosing a name and a template for a class blog

CASE STUDY Trivago: an aggregator website

CLIP FILM Lucy

MODULE 6 - PROTECTING COMPUTERS

Unit 6.1 • Computer threats

Unit 6.2 • Computer protection

Unit 6.3 • Protecting yourself and your data

REAL-LIFE SKILLS Encrypting and decrypting messages with Caesar cipher

CASE STUDY 2017 Wannacry ransom attack

CLIP FILM The Imitation Game

APPENDICES

1 • Biz bits

2 • Careers

3 • Technical Glossary

4 • Acronyms

real-LIFE SKILLS encrYpting AnD DecrYpting messAges WitH cAesAr cipHer 6 Write a short message of about 30-35 words. then, encrypt it using caesar cipher. Encrypting with Caesar cipher means replacing each letter of the message with another which is shifted by a certain number of places down the alphabet. Remember to use the English alphabet. e.g. +1 = A B; B C; etc. e.g. +2 = A C; B D; etc. Original text: Encrypted text: +n 7 exchange your encrypted message with a classmate and try to decrypt the one that you have just received. it is an intuitive activity, but once you get a clue, you can decrypt the entire message. 8 group WorK Let s make it a bit more difficult. encrypt the message replacing each letter with one that comes before it in the alphabet. e.g. -1 = N M; A Z; etc. e.g. -4 = A W; S P; etc. Original text: Encrypted text:  n 9 10 Decrypt the message from the previous activity. Decrypt the message and answer the questions. The cipher is: +n = 1 + (2 x 3)   4. KDYH BRX HQMRBHG WKLV DFWLYLWB? ZDV LW GLIILFXOW? 294 protecting computers 

CASE STUDY 2017 WAnnAcrY rAnsom AttAcK The WannaCry ransomware attack was a global epidemic that took place in May 2017. This ransomware attack spread through computers operating Microsoft Windows. Users  files were held hostage, and a Bitcoin ransom was demanded for their return. do not regularly update their operating systems and so were left exposed to the attack. Those that had not run a Microsoft Windows update before the attack did not benefit from the patch and the vulnerability exploited by EternalBlue left them open to attack.   Ransomware WannaCry is an example of crypto ransomware, a type of malware used by cybercriminals to extort money. Ransomware does this by either encrypting valuable files, so you are unable to read them, or by locking you out of your computer, so you are not able to use it. Ransomware that uses encryption is called crypto ransomware. The type that locks you out of your computer is called locker ransomware. Like other types of crypto ransomware, WannaCry takes your data hostage, promising to return it if you pay a ransom.   The attack When it first happened, people assumed that the WannaCry ransomware attack had initially spread through a phishing campaign. However, EternalBlue was the exploit that allowed WannaCry to propagate and spread, with DoublePulsar being the backdoor installed on the compromised computers. The WannaCry ransomware attack hit around 230,000 computers globally. One of the first companies affected was the Spanish mobile company, Telef nica. By May 12th, thousands of NHS (National Health Service) hospitals and surgeries across the UK were affected. A third of NHS hospitals were affected by the attack. Ambulances were reportedly rerouted, leaving people needing urgent care in need. It was estimated to cost the NHS £92 million after 19,000 appointments were cancelled as a result of the attack. As the ransomware spread beyond Europe, computer systems in 150 countries were crippled. The WannaCry ransomware attack had a substantial financial impact worldwide. It is estimated this cybercrime caused $4 billion in losses across the globe.   The hack and the patch The cybercriminals responsible for the attack took advantage of a weakness in the Microsoft Windows operating system using a hack that was allegedly developed by the United States National Security Agency. Known as EternalBlue, this hack was made public by a group of hackers called the Shadow Brokers before the WannaCry attack. Microsoft released a security patch which protected users  systems against this exploit almost two months before the WannaCry ransomware attack began. Unfortunately, many individuals and organisations 11 Adapted from: https://www.kaspersky.com/ resource-center/threats/ransomware-wannacry read the text and answer the questions. 1. What is WannaCry? 2. Describe crypto and locker ransomware. 3. What weakness did the cybercriminals exploit? 4. What did Microsoft do to protect users? crippled: paralizzato hack: accesso patch: pezza, rattoppo 5. Why was WannaCry successful? 6. What was the impact of WannaCry both globally and specifically in the UK? protecting computers 295 

English for information and communication technology. Bit by Bit è un corso di inglese specialistico per il settore Informatico.

Bit by Bit New edition

English for Information and Communications Technology

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