2.2 THE STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Computer systems consist of both hardware and software . refers to the physical components that make up a computer, while is the programs, instructions, and data that make it possible for a computer to operate and a task. 1 Hardware software carry out What is the relationship between hardware and software? Hardware is useless without software and vice versa. They need each other. Software makes hardware usable by giving it the instructions that it needs in order to operate. Hardware Hardware consists of both external and internal parts. The external parts, also called , perform the basic functions of , i.e. providing data to the computer, and , i.e. producing outcome after the processing of the input. External hardware also includes storage devices such as external hard disks or memory sticks. Internal hardware, also called , on the other hand, refers to parts built into or inside the computer case and which are: the central processing , the video and sound cards, and the internal hard disk drive. Hardware is responsible for performing four basic functions: and . The basic relationship of these different hardware components in a simple computer system, also called , can be represented in this way: peripherals input output components motherboard input, processing, output storage Von Neumann architecture 1 Software Software can be classified depending on its function: is used to and maintain the computer and it includes: System software run The operating system (e.g., Windows) Drivers (e.g., printer drivers to connect a printer to the computer) Utility software (e.g., a file manager to save or delete files) , or an application program, is used to carry out tasks on a computer. Some software, such as word processors, and desktop publishers, is called because it can be used to carry out different tasks with the same application; other software is called because it is used to perform only one specific task as in the case of a flight simulator or software. Application software 2 spreadsheets general purpose software special purpose software payroll Hardware and Software DO Do you know other words with the suffix ? What does it mean? 1 -ware MORE This architecture is a theoretical design for a general-purpose stored program computer that serves as the basis for almost all modern computers. It was created in 1945 by John von Neumann, who based his work on the studies of Alan Turing. 1 DO Give examples of application software. 2