Doretta Ardu

Maria Grazia Bellino

Giusy Di Giorgio

Bit by Bit è un testo di inglese rivolto in particolare agli studenti dei corsi a indirizzo Informatico e, in generale, a coloro che hanno l’esigenza di utilizzare la lingua inglese come strumento di studio e/o di lavoro in questo settore.
 Materiali integrativi <ul><li>Teacher’s Book. - Soluzioni, testi degli esercizi di ascolto, test di fine unità e di fine modulo, proposte di domande orali e di griglie valutative, real-life tasks, mappe per ogni unità, programmazione didattica, guida didattica di supporto per studenti BES.
</li><li>ONLINE RESOURCES. - Ulteriori esercitazioni, approfondimenti letterari, esempi di reading comprehension per le certificazioni EUCIP Core e FIRST/IELTS, test adattati per studenti BES.</li></ul>

Module 1 - The birth and role of computers

Unit 1- Computer science and ict

Unit 2 - ICT and society

Unit 3 - Computers

Vocabulary

Grammar • Prefixes, suffixes and compound nouns

Listening • Digital libraries

Speaking • New technological trends in teaching and studying

Writing • Learning with technology

Mapping your mind

Film • Bicentennial man

Module 2 - The body of computers

Unit 4 - The electronics of computers

Unit 5 - The structure of computers

Unit 6 - The peripherals of computers

Grammar • Relative clauses

Listening • At the computer shop

Speaking • Discussing computers

Writing • Describing computers and computer problems

Film • Strange Days

Module 3 - The mind of computers

Unit 7 - Computer languages

Unit 8 - Computer programming

Unit 9 - Operating systems

Grammar • Conditionals

Listening • Working in a software house

Speaking • Writing computer code

Writing • Programming languages

Film • Desk Set

Module 4 - The uses of computers

Unit 10 - Main software

Unit 11 - Graphics software

Unit 12 - Other software programs

Grammar • The passive voice

Listening • Learning and playing with computers

Speaking • Interviewing

Writing • Improving sound, music, pictures and texts

Film • AI - Artificial intelligence

Module 5 - Linking computers

Unit 13 - Communication networks

Unit 14 - The internet

Unit 15 - Sharing online

Grammar • Main verb tenses

Listening • Slideshare and other online activities

Speaking • Past and future

Writing • Social media

Film • Lucy

Module 6 - Protecting computers

Unit 16 - Computer threats

Unit 17 - Computer protection

Grammar • Comparatives and superlatives

Listening • Internet privacy

Speaking • Security problems

Writing • Data encryption

Film • The Imitation game

Appendices

1 Biz bits

2 Careers

3 How to…

Technical glossary

Acronyms

OPERATING SYSTEMS 9 OPERATING SYSTEMS (O/S) Answer these questions. a. What operating system does your mobile phone work on? b. And your computer? c. What O/S is the most popular among your classmates? bill: bolletta to be devised: essere concepito overall: complessivo to prove: risultare, rivelarsi room: spazio slice: fetta thread: filo The first operating system as we intend it today was developed by IBM in the 1960s for the System/360 series of machines, all with the same instruction and input/output architecture. An operating system is a system of different programs that work together to control and manage the hardware, to provide the most efficient use of the available equipment and memory resources, and to act as an interface between the computer and the user. The most important part of the O/S consists of the supervisory programs, which control all the other programs in the O/S, and service programs, which provide system services to the user. These fall into two categories: utility programs and system aids. Utility programs allow files to be saved, copied, renamed or deleted. They activate all peripheral devices, and are able to format a disk in preparation for storing information. System aids assist the user when developing a program. Any system errors experienced in a program at run time will be located and identified by the O/S. However, logic errors must be located by the programmer. As the system must be capable of accepting information from the user in a programming language, systems aids also include translation programs such as assemblers, interpreters and compilers. Just as there are different types of computer systems, so there are different types of O/S. Here are the most common:    single program: one application program is run at a time, both at real time and batch processing. In real time processing, the user interacts with the computer during the execution of the program and that means that the computer is able to respond immediately to inputs; in batch processing a series of programs are run in sequence as, for example, in the compilation of bills;    multi-user: a number of users use the computer system at the same time. The computer resources are time-shared among the users, each user having exclusive use of the resources at any one time. As all operators are offered a time slice in turn, every user has the impression that they have exclusive use of a computer all the time;    multi-processing: a very complex program is run on more than one CPU at the same time. The CPUs are linked in parallel as in the case of supercomputers;    multi-programming or multi-tasking: more programs appear to run at the same time. Different areas of primary storage are reserved for each program and any one particular program can be called into operation by the user at any time;    multi-threading: different parts of a single program run concurrently;    virtual storage: data is moved between primary and secondary storage as and when the primary storage proves to be too small. The user has the impression of a computer with a larger memory;    virtual machine: different users can use different operating systems simultaneously on the same PC. 126 Module 3 FLOWCHARTING 

1 Read the text and decide if the statements are true or false. Virtual storage and virtual machine operating systems The virtual storage operating system was originally devised for programs that were too large to be wholly contained within primary storage. Even today, with large amounts of primary storage available, it is not unusual for the size of RAM available to be too small to satisfy the needs of a particular application program. In this case, a virtual storage operating system will permit data to be moved between primary and secondary storage when primary storage is not big enough for a program to run. Many professional word processors use this facility. If the RAM available is too small to accommodate a complete document, then only a few pages will be in RAM at any one time. Any other pages that are required will be brought in from the secondary storage, room being made for them by downloading current pages from primary storage to secondary storage. Another aspect of virtual storage is called spooling. Spooling is the process of sending output to a disk file and then printing that output directly from the file, thus freeing the CPU to do other tasks. Multi-programming and timesharing can bring users into conflict over shared resources. Consequently, the idea of the virtual machine has been devised to give each user the impression that each has control over the entire computer: i.e. each user has what appears to be a separate copy of the physical machine. In such a virtual machine operating system, different users can even use different operating systems simultaneously. This facility allows different application programs to use the operating system appropriate to them. The overall control of such a system is under the supervision of a virtual machine. 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The virtual storage operating system was devised for large programs. Today, with bigger RAM, virtual storage is no longer necessary. Virtual storage is very useful for large documents. With spooling it is possible to print directly from a file. With a virtual machine operating system, we can change the operating system according to the programme we need to use. 3.13 Listen to an introductory talk on operating systems and take notes. F ACTIVITIES T 1. Main functions:   ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................   ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................   ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................   ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. Two examples of functions: .......................................................................; ........................................................................ 3. The name of five examples of operating systems: .............................................., .............................................., .............................................., ..............................................,............................................... THE MIND OF COMPUTERS Module 3 127 

Preparazione inglese per studenti di informatica: materiali integrativi, esercizi, soluzioni e risorse online per il miglior apprendimento.

Bit by bit

English for Information and Communications Technology

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