KEY People JUSTUS VON LIEBIG Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) was a German scientist who contributed to the foundation of organic chemistry. He is called the father of fertiliser industry and he was the inventor of formula milk. It all started when Liebig s wife had breastfeeding problems after giving birth to their daughter. Von Liebig started studying human milk, looked for a good alternative, and prepared the first formula. His powdered invention was made from cow s milk, wheat our, and potassium bicarbonate. Although his daughter survived, the experiment was quite controversial and was stopped as the initial tests on newborns failed and four of the children died. Later, formulas were modified and improved by adding more nutritional ingredients and now they are widely produced and used all over the globe. GEORGE MURDOCK George Peter Murdock (1897-1985) was an American anthropologist famous for his sociological studies and a functionalism-rooted theory about families. According to Murdock, a traditional nuclear family consists of a man, a woman, and one or more children. He stated that families have four important, universal functions in every society: Educational: they are responsible for the education of children, preparing them to live in a society with its rules and cultural norms, values, manners, and gender role division; Sexual: they have to provide examples of sexual behaviour and expression of sexual needs respecting society rules and values; Reproductive: a family unit needs to ensure the survival of humans; Economic: a family must consider the division of duties and the basic needs of family members. His work has been considered universal and been applied in many different societies all over the world. JAMIE OLIVER Jamie Oliver (1975-) is a young English chef, famous for cookery programmes, restaurants, and cookery books. In 2005 his foundation conducted some research that showed that many schools still had bad standards of school food (which was unhealthy, full of fats and sugar) and often the portions were too large. He let the government know about the results of his campaign, called Feed Me Better, and her Majesty s Government promised to take steps to improve school dinners. Meals were significantly changed, which soon led to better health conditions, better results, and better performances. Jamie still plays an important role in the British educational system and now he is fighting to support children with dyslexia. He was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire, and he is the second best-selling British author behind J.K. Rowling. 136 BABIES AND CHILDREN