127 Make a list of other categories of discrimination. A clear example is residential segregation in the United States: the policy of redlining a discriminatory practice where banks and lenders refuse mortgages to residents of certain neighbourhoods, often based on racial demographics prevented Black families from buying homes in wealthier areas. Can you think of any activist movements against these issues? accountability: responsabilizzazione inherently: per natura mainstream: principale overt: palese portrayal: ritratto DISCRIMINATION, RACISM, AND MARGINALISATION Discrimination and racism are issues that affect societies worldwide, creating barriers to equality and justice. Discrimination and racism Discrimination refers to the unjust treatment of individuals based on characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or nationality . Racism, a specific form of discrimination, arises from the belief that certain races are inherently superior or inferior to others. Structural racism refers to the systemic ways in which policies, institutions, and societal norms work together to disadvantage certain racial groups while privileging others . Marginalisation Marginalisation is a direct consequence of discrimination and racism. It excludes individuals or groups from mainstream social, economic, and political life, depriving them of equal opportunities and perpetuating cycles of inequality. Marginalised communities often face limited access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, leading to poverty and social exclusion. This lack of inclusion not only undermines the well-being of the affected individuals but also delays the overall development of societies. How to fight them Globally, protests and movements highlight the urgency of addressing these issues. Activists demand accountability, fair representation, and systemic changes to create a more inclusive world. However, combating discrimination and racism requires more than just awareness; it necessitates legislative action, education reform, and cultural shifts to challenge deep-rooted biases and prejudices. In Italy In Italy, these challenges are increasingly visible, particularly in the context of migration. Migrants and asylum seekers, often from Africa and the Middle East, face significant barriers to integration, including racism and xenophobia. Reports of discrimination in housing, employment, and public services are common, as are sometimes negative portrayals in media and political discourse. Past and present Discrimination and marginalisation have shifted from overt laws like segregation to systemic racism in areas like wages, representation, and policing. For example, Black Americans earn about 73% for every dollar White Americans earn. Modern racism also appears in biased technologies, such as less accurate facial recognition for darker skin tones. 254 DIffICULtIES