MAPping your mind MAPPING YOUR MIND Need to apply for protection in the country of destination Not free to return home EU: over 1 million, almost half children Asylum seekers UK: increase of 10% Features in Italy Protection under international laws and conventions Consequence of poverty Need an official entity to determine their status Homelessness EU: 6% UK: 4.3% Italy: 6% Wage gap Refugees Education Free to return home Healthcare Seek better opportunities Child marriage Main cause for poverty Even inside their own country Verbal abuse Unemployment Migrants Harassment EU: 21% at risk Female genital mutilation Usually, permanent settlement Rape Free to return home Honour crime UK: 18% Absolute poverty Poverty line Poverty Not free to return home Gender gap Domestic violence Seek better opportunities Gender-based violence Poverty, unemployment, and homelessness Gender issues Immigrants Foreign nationals Social issues Drug addiction and rehabilitation Features Brain and behaviour are affected Inability to control use of drug Causes Genetics Environmental stressors Domestic violence and child abuse Effects Undermining safety, well-being and development of individuals Psychological trauma Cycles of violence Barriers to escape Fear Economic dependency Social pressures Societal blame Personality characteristics Cultural emphasis on familial privacy and loyalty Psychiatric problems Treatment Injustices Discrimination Racism Marginalisation How to fight them Awareness Legislative action Educational reforms Cultural shifts Shift from overt laws to systemic discrimination Shame Prevention and support Codice Rosso (2019) Anti-violence centres and shelters Educational campaigns Community involvement Difficulties 257