KEY People LOUIS BRAILLE Louis Braille (1809-1852) was a French educator who developed a system of printing and writing, called Braille, that is extensively used by the blind. Braille was himself blinded at the age of three in an accident. Nevertheless, he became a notable musician. After receiving a scholarship, he went to Paris to attend the National Institute for Blind Children, and then he taught there. Braille became interested in a system of writing in which a message coded in dots symbolising phonetic sounds was imprinted on cardboard. When he was 15, he worked out an adaptation, written with a simple instrument, that met the needs of the sightless. He later took this system, which consists of a six-dot code in various combinations, and adapted it to musical notation. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE Known as the Lady with the Lamp , Florence Nightingale (18201910) was a famous nurse who changed healthcare forever. Born in Florence, she decided to become a nurse even though it was not respected at the time.During the Crimean War (1853-1856), she worked in military hospitals, improving cleanliness and care. Her efforts reduced death rates and saved many lives. She also wrote Notes on Nursing, a book that helped shape modern nursing, and started a training school for nurses in 1860. Florence used statistics to show the need for better healthcare and sanitation. Her work made nursing a respected profession and improved hospitals worldwide. Today, she is remembered as a pioneer in nursing and public health. NOAM CHOMSKY A famous linguist and thinker who changed how we understand language and communication, in the 1950s, Noam Chomsky (1926-) introduced the idea that humans are born with a natural ability to learn language, called generative grammar. This means all languages share basic rules, and our brains are wired to understand them. His work helped scientists study how language works in the mind and how it connects to thinking and learning. It also in uenced fields like psychology and artificial intelligence. Chomsky is also known for his ideas about media and politics. In his book Manufacturing Consent, he explained how powerful groups use media to shape public opinions. Overall, Chomsky s ideas have helped us understand how language works and how communication affects society. cardboard: cartone death rate: tasso di mortalit 342 WORK scholarship: borsa di studio wired: predisposto